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Highland Park High School Class of 1963 - Philosophers' Cafe will be at the HP Public Library
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My earlier message post: 'In high school forever' got some interest as a possible discussion topic. I noticed today, that the link only connects to the login page of 'The Week' magazine - not much help for most folks. So, I thought that I'd make the article available to anyone who might be interested. (This use is permissible under the copyright laws as academic research for anyone who might be squeamish or overly lawyerly:) In high school forever The self-image we develop in high school, said Jennifer Senior, can continue to define us long after graduation. Published April 17, 2013, at 4:32 PM THROUGHOUT HIGH SCHOOL, my friend Kenji never once spoke to the Glassmans. They were popular, football-playing, handsome identical twins. Kenji was a closeted, half-Japanese orchestra nerd who kept mainly to himself and graduated first in our class. Yet last fall, at our 25th high school reunion, Kenji grabbed Josh Glassman by his tricepsâstill Popeye spinach cansâand asked where the after-party was. He was only half-joking. Psychologically speaking, Kenji carries a passport to pretty much anywhere now. Heâs handsome, charming, a software engineer at an Amazon subsidiary; he radiates the kind of self-possession that earns instant respect. Josh seemed to intuit this. He said there was an after-party a few blocks away. And when Kenji wavered, Josh wouldnât take no for an answer. âI could see there was no going back,â Kenji explained the next morning. âIt was sort of like the dog who catches the car and doesnât know what to do with it.â The party was fine. Kenji wondered if heâd been brought along as a stunt guestâa suspicion hardly allayed by Joshâs announcement âI brought the valedictorian!â as they were arrivingâthough Kenjiâs attendance was in the same spirit, really, just in reverse. His curiosities were anthropological: He had no idea what it was like âto be a football player or a cheerleader, get out of high school, marry someone from your local area, and settle in the same area.â And his conclusion, by the end of the night, was: nothing special. âIt was just an ordinary party, one that might have been a little uncomfortable if we all hadnât been a little drunk.â Youâd think Kenjiâs underwhelmed reaction would have been reassuring. But another classmate of ours didnât take it that way. Like Kenji, Larry was brilliant, musically gifted, and hidden behind awkward glasses during most of his adolescence; like Kenji, he too is attractive and successful today. âLiterally?â he said. âYour saying this makes me feel I wish Iâd been invited to that.â âWell, right,â said Kenji. âBecause thatâs the way high school is.â NOT EVERYONE FEELS the sustained, melancholic presence of a high school shadow self. There are some people who put in their four years, graduate, and thatâs that. But for most adults, the adolescent years occupy a privileged place in memory, which to some degree is even quantifiable: Give an adult a series of random prompts and cues, and odds are he or she will recall a disproportionate number of memories from adolescence. This phenomenon has been found over and over. To most human beings, the significance of the adolescent years is pretty intuitive. Writers from Shakespeare to Salinger have done their most iconic work about them; and Hollywood, certainly, has long understood the operatic potential of proms, first dates, and the malfeasance of the cafeteria goon squad. âI feel like most of the stuff I draw on, even today, is based on stuff that happened back then,â says Paul Feig, the creator of Freaks and Geeks. Yet thereâs one class of professionals who seem to have underrated the significance of those years, and it just happens to be the group that studies how we change over the course of our lives: developmental neuroscientists and psychologists. âI cannot emphasize enough the amount of skewing there is,â says Pat Levitt of the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, âin terms of the number of studies that focus on the early years as opposed to adolescence. For years, we had almost a religious belief that all systems developed in the same way, which meant that what happened from zero to 3 really mattered, but whatever happened thereafter was merely tweaking.â Zero to 3. For ages, this window dominated the field, and it still does today. There are good scientific reasons to focus on this time period: The sensory systems, like hearing and eyesight, develop very early on. âBut the error we made,â says Levitt, âwas to say, âOh, thatâs how all functions develop, even those that are very complex. Executive function, emotional regulationâall of it must develop in the same way.ââ That is not turning out to be the case. Laurence Steinberg, a developmental psychologist, says, âIf youâre interested in how people become who they are, so much is going on in the adolescent years.â In the past couple of decades, studies across the social sciences have been designed around this new orientation. It has long been known, for instance, that male earning potential correlates rather bluntly with height. But it was only in 2004 that a trio of economists thought to burrow a little deeper and discovered, based on a sample of thousands of white men in the U.S. and Britain, that it wasnât adult height that seemed to affect their subjectsâ wages; it was their height at 16. The sociologist Deborah Carr observed something similar about adults of a normal weight: They are far more likely to have higher self-esteem if they were a normal weight, rather than overweight or obese, in late adolescence. Our self-image from those years, in other words, is especially adhesive. So, too, are our preferences. âThereâs no reason why, at the age of 60, I should still be listening to the Allman Brothers,â Steinberg says. âYet no matter how old you are, the music you listen to for the rest of your life is probably what you listened to when you were an adolescent.â It turns out that just before adolescence, the prefrontal cortexâthe part of the brain that governs our ability to reason, grasp abstractions, control impulses, and self-reflectâundergoes a huge flurry of activity, giving young adults the intellectual capacity to form an identity, to develop the notion of a self. Any cultural stimuli we are exposed to during puberty can, therefore, make more of an impression, because weâre now perceiving them discerningly as things to sweep into our self-concepts or reject (I am the kind of person who likes the Allman Brothers). At the same time, the prefrontal cortex has not yet finished developing in adolescents. Itâs still adding myelin, a substance that speeds up and improves neural connections, and until those connections are consolidatedâin our mid-20sâthe more primitive, emotional parts of the brain have a more significant influence. This explains why adolescents are such notoriously poor models of self-regulation, and why theyâre so much more dramatic. In adolescence, the brain is also buzzing with more dopamine activity than at any other time in the human life cycle, so everything an adolescent doesâeverything an adolescent feelsâis just a little bit more intense. IF HUMANS REALLY do feel things most intensely during adolescence, and if they also happen to be working out an identity for the first time, then it seems safe to say this: Most American high schools are almost sadistically unhealthy places to send adolescents. Something happens when children spend so much time apart from adult company. One of the reasons that high schools may produce such peculiar value systems is precisely because the people there have little in common, except their ages. âThese are people in a large box without any clear, predetermined way of sorting out status,â says Robert Faris, a sociologist. Such a situation, in his view, is likely to reward aggression. Absent established hierarchies and power structures (apart from the privileges that naturally accrue from being an upperclassman), kids create them on their own, and what determines those hierarchies is often the crudest common-denominator stuffâlooks, nice clothes, prowess in sportsârather than the subtleties of personality. The result, unfortunately, is a paradox: Though adolescents may want nothing more than to be able to define themselves, they discover that high school is one of the hardest places to do it. At the time they experience the most social fear, they have the least control; at the time theyâre most sensitive to the impressions of others, theyâre plunked into an environment where itâs treacherously easy to be labeled and stuck on a shelf. Most of us, says BrenĂ© Brown of the University of Houston, opt for one of three strategies to cope with the pain this causes. We move away from it, âby secret-keeping, by hidingâ; we move toward it, âby people-pleasingâ; or we move against it âby using shame and aggression to fight shame and aggression.â Whichever strategy we choose, she says, the odds are good weâll use it for life. 'IN HIGH SCHOOL,â said Winnie Holzman, the creator of My So-Called Life, âwe become pretty convinced that we know what reality is: We know who looks down on us, who is above us, exactly who our friends and our enemies are.â The truth of the matter, said Holzman, is that we really have no clue: â[W]hat seems like unshakable reality is basically just a story we learned to tell ourselves.â Farisâs research on aggression may help account for adolescentsâ distorted understanding of their social world. One of his findings is obvious: The more concerned kids are with popularity, the more aggressive they are. But another finding isnât: Kids become more vulnerable to aggression as their popularity increases, unless theyâre at the very top of the status heap. âItâs social combat,â he explains. âThink about it: Thereâs not much instrumental value to gossiping about a wallflower. Thereâs value to gossiping about your rivals.â The higher kids climb, in other words, the more precariously balanced they feel, unless theyâre standing on the square head of the totem pole. It therefore stands to reason that many popular kids donât see themselves as popular, or at least feel less powerful than they loom. Their perch is too fragile. Maybe, perversely, we should be grateful that high school prepares us for life. The isolation, the shame, the aggression from those yearsâall of it readies us to cope. But one also has to wonder whether high school is to blame; whether the worst of adult America looks like high school because itâs populated by people who went to high school in America. High school does something to us, is the point. We bear its stripes. Psychologist Joseph Allen found that kids who suffer from mild depression at 14, 15, and 16 have worse odds in the futureâin romance, friendship, competency assessments by outsidersâeven if their depression disappears and they become perfectly happy adults. âBecause thatâs their first template for adult interaction,â says Allen. âAnd once theyâre impaired socially, it carries forward.â I went to my high school reunion curious about whom people had become. There were the football players, still acting like they owned the joint, but as more generous proprietors. There were the beautiful girls, still beautiful, but looking less certain about themselves. I was happy to see a lot of them. Weâd all grown more gracious; many of us had bloomed; and it was strangely moving to be among people who all shared this shameful, grim, and wild common bond. I imagined how much nicer itâd have been to see all those faces if we hadnât spent our time together in that redbrick, linoleum-tiled perdition. Then again, if we hadnât, I probably wouldnât have cared. By Jennifer Senior. ©2013 by New York magazine.
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